ISO: The ISO setting refers to the film speed of your camera. Higher ISOs are used when it is darker outside and make the picture appear more grainly. Lower ISOs are used when it is very sunny outside and are better quality pictures. ISO's generally start at 200 and end at number around 3200.
Diaphragm: The Diaphragm of the camera is an opening that lets a certain amount of light into your camera. The smaller the diaphragm, the less light is let into the camera. Small diaphragms are used when it is bright, and larger ones are used when it is dark. This also directly relates to aperture, as small diaphragms have large apertures and large diaphragms have small apertures.
Aperture: Relates to the diaphragm and controls how much light is let into the camera. Small aperture=more light, large aperture=less light.
Depth of Field: The depth of field deals with the focus of the camera. Pictures that are taken close up and have a very blurry background have a small depth of field, where landscape pictures generally have a wide depth of field, as the entire picture is usually in focus.
Speed: The shutter speed determines how long the shutter on the camera is open for and how much light it will let in. This can range from 1/1000 of a second for bright days and multiple seconds for when it is dark outside. When the shutter speed is longer than 1/30 of a second, it generally makes the image blurry unless you have a tripod or a flat surface.
Kelvin degrees: All visible light has a certain Kelvin temperature that can be changed on a camera. The color of an image depends on the kelvin degrees of the light emitted from that object. You can adjust the settings to change how the light in your photo looks, making it more blue yellow or red.
Light meter: The light meter shows you how much light is being let into your camera and tells you if you need to change the shutter speed or the aperture. The light meter helps you to make sure that the image you are taking a picture of has the right exposure.
-jaderade
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